基于XML管理Bean

1. 工程准备

搭建子模块spring6-ioc-xml Alt text 拷贝beans.xml、log4j2.xml到spring6-ioc-xml的resource目录下面

2 获取bean

2.1 根据id获取

由于id属性指定了bean的唯一标识,所以根据bean标签的id属性可以精确获取到一个组件对象。

java
@Test
public void testHelloWorld1(){
	ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
    HelloWorld bean = ac.getBean("helloWorld");
    bean.sayHello();
}

1.2 根据类型获取

java
@Test
public void testHelloWorld2(){
	ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
    HelloWorld bean = ac.getBean(HelloWorld.class);
    bean.sayHello();
}

1.3 根据id和类型

java
@Test
public void testHelloWorld2(){
	ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
    HelloWorld bean = ac.getBean("helloworld", HelloWorld.class);
    bean.sayHello();
}

1.4 根据接口类型可以获取bean

编写UserDao.java和UserDaoImpl.java文件以及配置beans.xml:

java
public interface UserDao {

    void getUser();

}
java
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{

    @Override

    public void getUser() {

        System.out.println("User info");

    }

}
xml
<bean id="userDao" class="com.rocket.spring.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
测试运行: ```java [ApplicationTest.java] public class ApplicationTest {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApplicationTest.class);

public static void main(String[] args) {
    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
    UserDao userDao = ac.getBean(UserDao.class);
    userDao.getUser();
    logger.info("执行完成");
}

}

txt
运行结果:              
![Alt text](/language/spring/images/Snipaste_20241016_222355.png)
:::tip 注意
1. 当根据类型获取bean时,要求IOC容器中指定类型的bean有且只能有一个:            
```xml
<!-- 当IOC容器中配置了两个相同类 -->
<bean id="helloworldOne" class="com.rocket.spring.HelloWorld"></bean>
<bean id="helloworldTwo" class="com.rocket.spring.HelloWorld"></bean>

根据类型获取时会抛出异常:
org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.rocket.spring.HelloWorld' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: helloworldOne,helloworldTwo
2. 如果一个接口有多个实现类,这些实现类都配置了bean,根据接口类型可以获取bean吗?
不行,因为bean不唯一。根据类型来获取bean时,在满足bean唯一性的前提下,其实只是看:『对象instanceof指定的类型』的返回结果,只要返回的是true就可以认定为和类型匹配,能够获取到。
java中,instanceof运算符用于判断前面的对象是否是后面的类,或其子类、实现类的实例。如果是返回true,否则返回false。也就是说:用instanceof关键字做判断时,instanceof操作符的左右操作必须有继承或实现关系。 :::

3. 依赖注入之setter注入

  1. 创建学生类Student和配置beans.xml:
xml
<bean id="studentOne" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">

    <!-- property标签:通过组件类的setXxx()方法给组件对象设置属性 -->

    <!-- name属性:指定属性名(这个属性名是getXxx()、setXxx()方法定义的,和成员变量无关) -->

    <!-- value属性:指定属性值 -->

    <property name="id" value="1001"></property>

    <property name="name" value="张三"></property>

    <property name="age" value="23"></property>

    <property name="sex" value="男"></property>

</bean>
java
public class Student {



    private Integer id;



    private String name;



    private Integer age;



    private String sex;



    public Student() {

    }



    public Integer getId() {

        return id;

    }



    public void setId(Integer id) {

        this.id = id;

    }



    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }



    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }



    public Integer getAge() {

        return age;

    }



    public void setAge(Integer age) {

        this.age = age;

    }



    public String getSex() {

        return sex;

    }



    public void setSex(String sex) {

        this.sex = sex;

    }



    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "Student{" +

                "id=" + id +

                ", name='" + name + '\'' +

                ", age=" + age +

                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +

                '}';

    }

}
2. 测试运行: ```java @Test public void testDIBySet(){ ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-di.xml"); Student studentOne = ac.getBean("studentOne", Student.class); System.out.println(studentOne); } ```

4. 依赖注入之构造器注入

在Student类中添加有参构造函数,添加配置到beans.xml:

java
public Student(Integer id, String name, Integer age, String sex) {

    this.id = id;

    this.name = name;

    this.age = age;

    this.sex = sex;

}
xml
<bean id="studentTwo" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">

    <constructor-arg value="1002"></constructor-arg>

    <constructor-arg value="李四"></constructor-arg>

    <constructor-arg value="33"></constructor-arg>

    <constructor-arg value="女"></constructor-arg>

</bean>
::: warning 注意 constructor-arg标签还有两个属性可以进一步描述构造器参数: - index属性:指定参数所在位置的索引(从0开始) - name属性:指定参数名 :::

5. 特殊值处理

5.1 字面量赋值

什么是字面量? int a = 10;: 声明一个变量a,初始化为10,此时a就不代表字母a了,而是作为一个变量的名字。当我们引用a的时候,我们实际上拿到的值是10。
而如果a是带引号的:'a',那么它现在不是一个变量,它就是代表a这个字母本身,这就是字面量。所以字面量没有引申含义,就是我们看到的这个数据本身。比如:

xml
<!-- 使用value属性给bean的属性赋值时,Spring会把value属性的值看做字面量 -->
<property name="name" value="张三"/>

5.2 null值

xml
<property name="name">
    <null />
</property>

注意:<property name="name" value="null"></property> 以上写法为name所赋的值是字符串null

5.3 xml实体

xml
<!-- 小于号在XML文档中用来定义标签的开始,不能随便使用 -->
<!-- 解决方案一:使用XML实体来代替 -->
<property name="expression" value="a &lt; b"/>

5.4 CDATA节点

xml
<property name="expression">
    <!-- 解决方案二:使用CDATA节 -->
    <!-- CDATA中的C代表Character,是文本、字符的含义,CDATA就表示纯文本数据 -->
    <!-- XML解析器看到CDATA节就知道这里是纯文本,就不会当作XML标签或属性来解析 -->
    <!-- 所以CDATA节中写什么符号都随意 -->
    <value><![CDATA[a < b]]></value>
</property>

6. 为对象类型属性赋值

创建班级类Clazz, 修改Student类, 在Student类中添加以下代码:

java
private Clazz clazz;



public Clazz getClazz() {

	return clazz;

}



public void setClazz(Clazz clazz) {

	this.clazz = clazz;

}
java
public class Clazz {



    private Integer clazzId;



    private String clazzName;



    public Integer getClazzId() {

        return clazzId;

    }



    public void setClazzId(Integer clazzId) {

        this.clazzId = clazzId;

    }



    public String getClazzName() {

        return clazzName;

    }



    public void setClazzName(String clazzName) {

        this.clazzName = clazzName;

    }



    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "Clazz{" +

                "clazzId=" + clazzId +

                ", clazzName='" + clazzName + '\'' +

                '}';

    }



    public Clazz() {

    }



    public Clazz(Integer clazzId, String clazzName) {

        this.clazzId = clazzId;

        this.clazzName = clazzName;

    }

}
### 6.1 引用外部bean beans.xml中配置Clazz类型的bean: ```xml ``` 为Student中的clazz属性赋值: ```xml ``` 错误演示: ```xml ``` 如果错把ref属性写成了value属性,会抛出异常: `Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot convert value of type 'java.lang.String' to required type 'com.rocket.spring.Clazz' for property 'clazz': no matching editors or conversion strategy found` 意思是不能把String类型转换成我们要的Clazz类型,说明我们使用value属性时,Spring只把这个属性看做一个普通的字符串,不会认为这是一个bean的id,更不会根据它去找到bean来赋值。 ### 6.2 内部bean ```xml ``` ### 6.3 级联属性赋值 ```xml ``` ## 7. 为数组类型属性赋值 修改Student类, 在Student类中添加以下代码:
java
private String[] hobbies;



public String[] getHobbies() {

    return hobbies;

}



public void setHobbies(String[] hobbies) {

    this.hobbies = hobbies;

}
xml
<bean id="studentFour" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">

    <property name="id" value="1004"></property>

    <property name="name" value="赵六"></property>

    <property name="age" value="26"></property>

    <property name="sex" value="女"></property>

    <!-- ref属性:引用IOC容器中某个bean的id,将所对应的bean为属性赋值 -->

    <property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>

    <property name="hobbies">

        <array>

            <value>抽烟</value>

            <value>喝酒</value>

            <value>烫头</value>

        </array>

    </property>

</bean>
## 8. 为集合类型属性赋值 ### 8.1 为List集合类型属性赋值 在Clazz类中添加以下代码, 配置beans.xml:
java
private List<Student> students;



public List<Student> getStudents() {

    return students;

}



public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {

    this.students = students;

}
xml
<bean id="clazzTwo" class="com.rocket.spring.Clazz">

    <property name="clazzId" value="4444"></property>

    <property name="clazzName" value="Javaee0222"></property>

    <property name="students">

        <list>

            <ref bean="studentOne"></ref>

            <ref bean="studentTwo"></ref>

            <ref bean="studentThree"></ref>

        </list>

    </property>

</bean>
若为Set集合类型属性赋值,只需要将其中的`list`标签改为`set`标签即可。 ### 8.2 为Map集合类型属性赋值 创建教师类Teacher, 在Student类中添加以下代码,配置beans.xml:
java
private Map<String, Teacher> teacherMap;



public Map<String, Teacher> getTeacherMap() {

    return teacherMap;

}



public void setTeacherMap(Map<String, Teacher> teacherMap) {

    this.teacherMap = teacherMap;

}
java
public class Teacher {



    private Integer teacherId;



    private String teacherName;



    public Integer getTeacherId() {

        return teacherId;

    }



    public void setTeacherId(Integer teacherId) {

        this.teacherId = teacherId;

    }



    public String getTeacherName() {

        return teacherName;

    }



    public void setTeacherName(String teacherName) {

        this.teacherName = teacherName;

    }



    public Teacher(Integer teacherId, String teacherName) {

        this.teacherId = teacherId;

        this.teacherName = teacherName;

    }



    public Teacher() {



    }

    

    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "Teacher{" +

                "teacherId=" + teacherId +

                ", teacherName='" + teacherName + '\'' +

                '}';

    }

}
xml
<bean id="teacherOne" class="com.rocket.spring.Teacher">

    <property name="teacherId" value="10010"></property>

    <property name="teacherName" value="大宝"></property>

</bean>



<bean id="teacherTwo" class="com.rocket.spring.Teacher">

    <property name="teacherId" value="10086"></property>

    <property name="teacherName" value="二宝"></property>

</bean>



<bean id="studentFour" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">

    <property name="id" value="1004"></property>

    <property name="name" value="赵六"></property>

    <property name="age" value="26"></property>

    <property name="sex" value="女"></property>

    <!-- ref属性:引用IOC容器中某个bean的id,将所对应的bean为属性赋值 -->

    <property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>

    <property name="hobbies">

        <array>

            <value>抽烟</value>

            <value>喝酒</value>

            <value>烫头</value>

        </array>

    </property>

    <property name="teacherMap">

        <map>

            <entry>

                <key>

                    <value>10010</value>

                </key>

                <ref bean="teacherOne"></ref>

            </entry>

            <entry>

                <key>

                    <value>10086</value>

                </key>

                <ref bean="teacherTwo"></ref>

            </entry>

        </map>

    </property>

</bean>

8.3 引用集合类型的bean

xml
<!--list集合类型的bean-->
<util:list id="students">
    <ref bean="studentOne"></ref>
    <ref bean="studentTwo"></ref>
    <ref bean="studentThree"></ref>
</util:list>
<!--map集合类型的bean-->
<util:map id="teacherMap">
    <entry>
        <key>
            <value>10010</value>
        </key>
        <ref bean="teacherOne"></ref>
    </entry>
    <entry>
        <key>
            <value>10086</value>
        </key>
        <ref bean="teacherTwo"></ref>
    </entry>
</util:map>
<bean id="clazzTwo" class="com.rocket.spring.Clazz">
    <property name="clazzId" value="4444"></property>
    <property name="clazzName" value="Javaee0222"></property>
    <property name="students" ref="students"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="studentFour" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">
    <property name="id" value="1004"></property>
    <property name="name" value="赵六"></property>
    <property name="age" value="26"></property>
    <property name="sex" value="女"></property>
    <!-- ref属性:引用IOC容器中某个bean的id,将所对应的bean为属性赋值 -->
    <property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>
    <property name="hobbies">
        <array>
            <value>抽烟</value>
            <value>喝酒</value>
            <value>烫头</value>
        </array>
    </property>
    <property name="teacherMap" ref="teacherMap"></property>
</bean>

使用util:list、util:map标签必须引入相应的命名空间。

xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

9. p命名空间

引入p命名空间:

xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

引入p命名空间后,可以通过以下方式为bean的各个属性赋值:

xml
<bean id="studentSix" class="com.rocket.spring.Student"
    p:id="1006" p:name="小明" p:clazz-ref="clazzOne" p:teacherMap-ref="teacherMap"></bean>

10. 引入外部属性文件

①创建外部属性文件jdbc.properties, pom.xml加入相关依赖包, 创建spring-datasource.xml引入属性文件,引入context名称空间:

ini
jdbc.user=root

jdbc.password=root

jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?serverTimezone=UTC

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
xml
<!-- MySQL驱动 -->

<dependency>

    <groupId>mysql</groupId>

    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

    <version>8.0.30</version>

</dependency>

<!-- 数据源 -->

<dependency>

    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>

    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>

    <version>1.2.15</version>

</dependency>
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">



    <!-- 引入外部属性文件 -->

    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>

    <!-- 使用外部属性 -->

    <bean id="druidDataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">

    <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>

    <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>

    <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}"/>

    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

</bean>

</beans>
在使用``元素加载外包配置文件功能前,首先需要在XML配置的一级标签 ``中添加 context相关的约束。测试运行: ```java @Test public void testDataSource() throws SQLException { ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-datasource.xml"); DataSource dataSource = ac.getBean(DataSource.class); Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection(); System.out.println(connection); } ``` ## 11. bean的作用域 在Spring中可以通过配置bean标签的scope属性来指定bean的作用域范围,各取值含义参加下表: | 取值 | 含义 | 创建对象的时机 | | ----------------- | --------------------------------------- | --------------- | | singleton(默认) | 在IOC容器中,这个bean的对象始终为单实例 | IOC容器初始化时 | | prototype | 这个bean在IOC容器中有多个实例 | 获取bean时 |

如果是在WebApplicationContext环境下还会有另外几个作用域(但不常用):

取值 含义
request 在一个请求范围内有效
session 在一个会话范围内有效

创建类User, 配置spring-scope.xml:

java
package com.rocket.spring;



public class User {



    private Integer id;



    private String username;



    private String password;



    private Integer age;



    public User() {

    }



    public User(Integer id, String username, String password, Integer age) {

        this.id = id;

        this.username = username;

        this.password = password;

        this.age = age;

    }



    public Integer getId() {

        return id;

    }



    public void setId(Integer id) {

        this.id = id;

    }



    public String getUsername() {

        return username;

    }



    public void setUsername(String username) {

        this.username = username;

    }



    public String getPassword() {

        return password;

    }



    public void setPassword(String password) {

        this.password = password;

    }



    public Integer getAge() {

        return age;

    }



    public void setAge(Integer age) {

        this.age = age;

    }



    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "User{" +

                "id=" + id +

                ", username='" + username + '\'' +

                ", password='" + password + '\'' +

                ", age=" + age +

                '}';

    }

}
xml
<!-- scope属性:取值singleton(默认值),bean在IOC容器中只有一个实例,IOC容器初始化时创建对象 -->

<!-- scope属性:取值prototype,bean在IOC容器中可以有多个实例,getBean()时创建对象 -->

<bean class="com.rocket.spring.User" scope="prototype"></bean>
运行测试: ```java @Test public void testBeanScope(){ ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-scope.xml"); User user1 = ac.getBean(User.class); User user2 = ac.getBean(User.class); System.out.println(user1==user2); } ```

12. bean生命周期

  • bean对象创建(调用无参构造器)
  • 给bean对象设置属性
  • bean的后置处理器(初始化之前)
  • bean对象初始化(需在配置bean时指定初始化方法)
  • bean的后置处理器(初始化之后)
  • bean对象就绪可以使用
  • bean对象销毁(需在配置bean时指定销毁方法)
  • IOC容器关闭

12.1 配置初始化和销毁方法

  1. 修改类User, 以及配置bean:
java
public class User {



    private Integer id;



    private String username;



    private String password;



    private Integer age;



    public User() {

        System.out.println("生命周期:1、创建对象");

    }



    public User(Integer id, String username, String password, Integer age) {

        this.id = id;

        this.username = username;

        this.password = password;

        this.age = age;

    }



    public Integer getId() {

        return id;

    }



    public void setId(Integer id) {

        System.out.println("生命周期:2、依赖注入");

        this.id = id;

    }



    public String getUsername() {

        return username;

    }



    public void setUsername(String username) {

        this.username = username;

    }



    public String getPassword() {

        return password;

    }



    public void setPassword(String password) {

        this.password = password;

    }



    public Integer getAge() {

        return age;

    }



    public void setAge(Integer age) {

        this.age = age;

    }



    public void initMethod(){

        System.out.println("生命周期:3、初始化");

    }



    public void destroyMethod(){

        System.out.println("生命周期:5、销毁");

    }



    @Override

    public String toString() {

        return "User{" +

                "id=" + id +

                ", username='" + username + '\'' +

                ", password='" + password + '\'' +

                ", age=" + age +

                '}';

    }

}
xml
<!-- 使用init-method属性指定初始化方法 -->

<!-- 使用destroy-method属性指定销毁方法 -->

<bean class="com.rocket.spring.bean.User" scope="prototype" init-method="initMethod" destroy-method="destroyMethod">

    <property name="id" value="1001"></property>

    <property name="username" value="admin"></property>

    <property name="password" value="123456"></property>

    <property name="age" value="23"></property>

</bean>
注意: 其中的`initMethod()`和`destroyMethod()`,可以通过配置bean指定为初始化和销毁的方法 测试运行: ```java @Test public void testLife(){ ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-lifecycle.xml"); User bean = ac.getBean(User.class); System.out.println("生命周期:4、通过IOC容器获取bean并使用"); ac.close(); } ``` ## 13. bean的后置处理器 bean的后置处理器会在生命周期的初始化前后添加额外的操作,需要实现BeanPostProcessor接口,且配置到IOC容器中,需要注意的是,bean后置处理器不是单独针对某一个bean生效,而是针对IOC容器中所有bean都会执行。 创建bean的后置处理器MyBeanProcessor, 在beans.xml中配置后置处理器:
java
package com.rocket.spring.process;

    

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;



public class MyBeanProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {

    

    @Override

    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {

        System.out.println("☆☆☆" + beanName + " = " + bean);

        return bean;

    }

    

    @Override

    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {

        System.out.println("★★★" + beanName + " = " + bean);

        return bean;

    }

}
xml
<!-- bean的后置处理器要放入IOC容器才能生效 -->

<bean id="myBeanProcessor" class="com.rocket.spring.process.MyBeanProcessor"/>
java
public static void main(String[] args) {

    ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");

    HelloWorld helloWorld = ac.getBean(HelloWorld.class);

    helloWorld.sayHello();

    UserDao userDao = ac.getBean(UserDao.class);

    userDao.getUser();

    logger.info("执行完成");

}
运行测试类: ![Alt text](/language/spring/images/Snipaste_20241017_061719.png) ## 14. FactoryBean FactoryBean是Spring提供的一种整合第三方框架的常用机制。和普通的bean不同,配置一个FactoryBean类型的bean,在获取bean的时候得到的并不是class属性中配置的这个类的对象,而是`getObject()`方法的返回值。通过这种机制,Spring可以帮我们把复杂组件创建的详细过程和繁琐细节都屏蔽起来,只把最简洁的使用界面展示给我们。将来我们整合Mybatis时,Spring就是通过FactoryBean机制来帮我们创建SqlSessionFactory对象的。 创建UserFactoryBean.java, 配置spring-factorybean.xml:
java
package org.springframework.beans.factory;



import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;



public interface FactoryBean<T> {



    String OBJECT_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE = "factoryBeanObjectType";



    @Nullable

    T getObject() throws Exception;



    @Nullable

    Class<?> getObjectType();





    default boolean isSingleton() {

        return true;

    }

}
java
package com.rocket.spring.bean;



public class UserFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<User> {

    @Override

    public User getObject() throws Exception {

        return new User();

    }



    @Override

    public Class<?> getObjectType() {

        return User.class;

    }

}
xml
<bean id="user" class="com.rocket.spring.bean.UserFactoryBean"></bean>
单元测试: ```java @Test public void testUserFactoryBean(){ //获取IOC容器 ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-factorybean.xml"); User user = (User) ac.getBean("user"); System.out.println(user); } ``` ## 15. 基于xml自动装配 自动装配:根据指定的策略,在IOC容器中匹配某一个bean,自动为指定的bean中所依赖的类类型或接口类型属性赋值 创建接口UserController\UserService, 并且UserServiceImpl实现接口UserService, 接口UserDao, 创建类UserDaoImpl实现接口UserDao
java
package com.rocket.spring.autowire.controller



public class UserController {



    private UserService userService;



    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {

        this.userService = userService;

    }



    public void saveUser(){

        userService.saveUser();

    }

}
java
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {



    private UserDao userDao;



    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {

        this.userDao = userDao;

    }



    @Override

    public void saveUser() {

        userDao.saveUser();

    }

}
java
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {



    @Override

    public void saveUser() {

        System.out.println("userDao --->保存成功");

    }

}
配置bean: > 使用bean标签的autowire属性设置自动装配效果 > > 自动装配方式:byType > > byType:根据类型匹配IOC容器中的某个兼容类型的bean,为属性自动赋值 > > 若在IOC中,没有任何一个兼容类型的bean能够为属性赋值,则该属性不装配,即值为默认值null > > 若在IOC中,有多个兼容类型的bean能够为属性赋值,则抛出异常NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException ```xml

txt
> 自动装配方式:byName
>
> byName:将自动装配的属性的属性名,作为bean的id在IOC容器中匹配相对应的bean进行赋值
```xml
<bean id="userController" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.controller.UserController" autowire="byName"></bean>

<bean id="userService" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName"></bean>
<bean id="userServiceImpl" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName"></bean>

<bean id="userDao" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
<bean id="userDaoImpl" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>

运行测试:

java
@Test
public void test3(){
    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-autowire.xml");
    UserController userController = (UserController) ac.getBean("userController");
    userController.saveUser();
    ac.close();
}

执行结果:
Alt text

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