Join应用
1. Reduce Join
- Map端的主要工作：
为来自不同表或文件的key/value对，打标签以区别不同来源的记录。然后用连接字段作为key，其余部分和新加的标志作为value，最后进行输出。 - Reduce端的主要工作：
在Reduce端以连接字段作为key的分组已经完成，我们只需要在每一个分组当中将那些来源于不同文件的记录(在Map阶段已经打标志)分开，最后进行合并就ok了。
总结
缺点：这种方式中，合并的操作是在Reduce阶段完成，Reduce端的处理压力太大，Map节点的运算负载则很低，资源利用率不高，且在Reduce阶段极易产生数据倾斜。
解决方案：Map端实现数据合并。
2. 代码实操
2.1 需求
将商品信息表中数据根据商品pid合并到订单数据表中。
2.2 需求分析
2.3 代码实现
java
public class TableBean implements Writable {
private String id; //订单id
private String pid; //产品id
private int amount; //产品数量
private String pname; //产品名称
private String flag; //判断是order表还是pd表的标志字段
public TableBean() {
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getPid() {
return pid;
}
public void setPid(String pid) {
this.pid = pid;
}
public int getAmount() {
return amount;
}
public void setAmount(int amount) {
this.amount = amount;
}
public String getPname() {
return pname;
}
public void setPname(String pname) {
this.pname = pname;
}
public String getFlag() {
return flag;
}
public void setFlag(String flag) {
this.flag = flag;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return id + "\t" + pname + "\t" + amount;
}
@Override
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeUTF(id);
out.writeUTF(pid);
out.writeInt(amount);
out.writeUTF(pname);
out.writeUTF(flag);
}
@Override
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
this.id = in.readUTF();
this.pid = in.readUTF();
this.amount = in.readInt();
this.pname = in.readUTF();
this.flag = in.readUTF();
}
}
java
public class TableMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable,Text,Text,TableBean> {
private String filename;
private Text outK = new Text();
private TableBean outV = new TableBean();
@Override
protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//获取对应文件名称
InputSplit split = context.getInputSplit();
FileSplit fileSplit = (FileSplit) split;
filename = fileSplit.getPath().getName();
}
@Override
protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//获取一行
String line = value.toString();
//判断是哪个文件,然后针对文件进行不同的操作
if(filename.contains("order")){ //订单表的处理
String[] split = line.split("\t");
//封装outK
outK.set(split[1]);
//封装outV
outV.setId(split[0]);
outV.setPid(split[1]);
outV.setAmount(Integer.parseInt(split[2]));
outV.setPname("");
outV.setFlag("order");
}else { //商品表的处理
String[] split = line.split("\t");
//封装outK
outK.set(split[0]);
//封装outV
outV.setId("");
outV.setPid(split[0]);
outV.setAmount(0);
outV.setPname(split[1]);
outV.setFlag("pd");
}
//写出KV
context.write(outK,outV);
}
}
java
public class TableReducer extends Reducer<Text,TableBean,TableBean, NullWritable> {
@Override
protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<TableBean> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
ArrayList<TableBean> orderBeans = new ArrayList<>();
TableBean pdBean = new TableBean();
for (TableBean value : values) {
//判断数据来自哪个表
if("order".equals(value.getFlag())){ //订单表
//创建一个临时TableBean对象接收value
TableBean tmpOrderBean = new TableBean();
try {
BeanUtils.copyProperties(tmpOrderBean,value);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//将临时TableBean对象添加到集合orderBeans
orderBeans.add(tmpOrderBean);
}else { //商品表
try {
BeanUtils.copyProperties(pdBean,value);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//遍历集合orderBeans,替换掉每个orderBean的pid为pname,然后写出
for (TableBean orderBean : orderBeans) {
orderBean.setPname(pdBean.getPname());
//写出修改后的orderBean对象
context.write(orderBean,NullWritable.get());
}
}
}
java
public class TableDriver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
Job job = Job.getInstance(new Configuration());
job.setJarByClass(TableDriver.class);
job.setMapperClass(TableMapper.class);
job.setReducerClass(TableReducer.class);
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(TableBean.class);
job.setOutputKeyClass(TableBean.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("D:\\input"));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("D:\\output"));
boolean b = job.waitForCompletion(true);
System.exit(b ? 0 : 1);
}
}
2. Map Join
- 使用场景 Map Join适用于一张表十分小、一张表很大的场景。
- 优点
思考：在Reduce端处理过多的表，非常容易产生数据倾斜。怎么办？
在Map端缓存多张表，提前处理业务逻辑，这样增加Map端业务，减少Reduce端数据的压力，尽可能的减少数据倾斜。 - 具体办法：采用DistributedCache
- 在Mapper的setup阶段，将文件读取到缓存集合中。
java//通过缓存文件得到小表数据pd.txt URI[] cacheFiles = context.getCacheFiles(); Path path = new Path(cacheFiles[0]);- 在Driver驱动类中加载缓存。
java//缓存普通文件到Task运行节点。 job.addCacheFile(new URI("file:///e:/cache/pd.txt")); //如果是集群运行,需要设置HDFS路径 job.addCacheFile(new URI("hdfs://hadoop102:8020/cache/pd.txt")); //Map端join的逻辑不需要Reduce阶段，设置ReduceTask数量为0 job.setNumReduceTasks(0);
3. 代码实操
- 在MapJoinDriver驱动类中添加缓存文件
java
public class MapJoinDriver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, URISyntaxException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
// 1 获取job信息
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
// 2 设置加载jar包路径
job.setJarByClass(MapJoinDriver.class);
// 3 关联mapper
job.setMapperClass(MapJoinMapper.class);
// 4 设置Map输出KV类型
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);
// 5 设置最终输出KV类型
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(NullWritable.class);
// 加载缓存数据
job.addCacheFile(new URI("file:///D:/input/tablecache/pd.txt"));
// Map端Join的逻辑不需要Reduce阶段，设置reduceTask数量为0
job.setNumReduceTasks(0);
// 6 设置输入输出路径
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path("D:\\input"));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("D:\\output"));
// 7 提交
boolean b = job.waitForCompletion(true);
System.exit(b ? 0 : 1);
}
}- 在MapJoinMapper类中的setup方法中读取缓存文件
java
public class MapJoinMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, NullWritable> {
private Map<String, String> pdMap = new HashMap<>();
private Text text = new Text();
//任务开始前将pd数据缓存进pdMap
@Override
protected void setup(Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//通过缓存文件得到小表数据pd.txt
URI[] cacheFiles = context.getCacheFiles();
Path path = new Path(cacheFiles[0]);
//获取文件系统对象,并开流
FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(context.getConfiguration());
FSDataInputStream fis = fs.open(path);
//通过包装流转换为reader,方便按行读取
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis, "UTF-8"));
//逐行读取，按行处理
String line;
while (StringUtils.isNotEmpty(line = reader.readLine())) {
//切割一行
String[] split = line.split("\t");
pdMap.put(split[0], split[1]);
}
//关流
IOUtils.closeStream(reader);
}
@Override
protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
//读取大表数据
String[] fields = value.toString().split("\t");
//通过大表每行数据的pid,去pdMap里面取出pname
String pname = pdMap.get(fields[1]);
//将大表每行数据的pid替换为pname
text.set(fields[0] + "\t" + pname + "\t" + fields[2]);
//写出
context.write(text,NullWritable.get());
}
}
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